5 Ways the Invention of Pants Shaped the Modern World

5 Henry VIII's Codpiece Changes The World

So if we're going to talk about how pants have been at the center of social change for the last 500 years, we have to go back to Henry VIII, and specifically Henry VIII's dick.

Oh, pants were around for a long time before that, but were treated the way assless chaps are treated now. Poetry written in Ancient Greece suggests that pants were ridiculed and viewed with contempt by the Greeks. You know, the guys who went around dressed in togas.

Even the Romans saw pants as barbaric. But then Henry VIII came along. And his dick.

You see, Henry was extremely proud of his athletic build (at least in his younger years), and for him, pants were a great way to show off his manly calves. We'll admit Henry's "pants" don't look terribly masculine today (they're more like leggings), but back then, they were seen as a sign of his total authority ... mainly because they allowed him to sport enormous codpieces.

Men have equaled dongs with power since the dawn of time, and Henry simply found a convenient way to display that power in public without being classified as a sex offender.

If you think we're joking, remember that Henry VIII was the man who changed the religion of an entire country to satisfy his penis -- Henry's might very well be the single most influential set of genitalia in history. Though his beloved codpieces eventually went by the wayside, by then, pants had been established as a symbol of power. Everywhere in Europe, men were donning breeches on a daily basis.

Or almost everywhere ...

4 Pants Bring Russia Into The Modern World

So, over the next century pants became common on the European continent ... everywhere except for Russia, that is. By the late 1600s, Russia remained as the lone oasis of pantlessness. While peasants did tend to wear some form of trousers somewhere under all those layers of clothing (usually covered by a long cloak), at the same time you had a lot of ass-clowns who looked like this:

To be fair, fashion wasn't the only thing they were behind on: Though Russia's territory was massive, its population was pretty small and mostly comprised of farmers, with only a small fraction of all Russians living in towns. Czar Peter the Great decided he had enough of that crap. Peter was obsessed with modernizing Russia, and he started by forcing everyone to put some real trousers on. In 1701, he issued a decree commanding everyone at every level of society to wear pants, other than clergy and peasant farmers.

That meant no more long cloaks or ... whatever the hell that guy in the picture is wearing. Peter also decreed that men could no longer sport beards unless they were willing to pay a yearly beard tax (mustaches were free as long as you kept them under control). Suddenly, Russian men were forced to wear leggings and shave their facial hair at all times, despite Russia's harsh climate.

Peter the Great's Western-influenced reforms, which also involved completely reorganizing the army, culminated in 1721 when he declared himself Emperor of All the Russians, launching an empire that lasted until the Soviet Revolution of 1917. And it all started with pants.

3 England Takes Scotland's Kilts, Can Never Take Their Freedom

So, by the mid-1700s you have a clear pattern: pants are regarded as a sign that your people are modern and civilized. From Henry VIII establishing them as a symbol of power and dominance, to Peter the Great seeing them as a symbol of modernity, the pants revolution was sweeping the world.

Which brings us to one of the last hold-outs after the Russians were pantsified -- these guys:

The Scottish Highlanders.

As ridiculous as man-dresses may look to us today, back in 18th century, Scotland kilts were seen as an unmistakable sign of badassery and rebellion. The Jacobite Rebels fighting to put a Catholic monarch back on the throne even adopted kilts as an informal military uniform. In 1745, these ventilated-crotch warriors kicked ass all the way into England before they were forced to retreat. Needless to say, the whole thing left King George II feeling a little worried. And so, the following year King George decided that the best way to deal with the Scottish rebels was to take away their kilts. And replace them with pants.

The punishments for disobeying the Dress Act were severe. If a man was caught wearing anything resembling a dress, he was sent prison for six months. Do it again, and they were shipped off to work on a plantation for seven years. For wearing a kilt.

The only ones exempt from the clothing restrictions were Scottish army officials, who were thus seen even more manly because of it.

By the time the Dress Act was repealed in 1782, the damage was already done. Apparently, men in Scotland had gotten used to the extra support of a good pair of trousers, because even though kilts were no longer forbidden, they continued wearing pants. Maybe they realized that too much freedom can be a bad thing too (especially regarding one's balls), or maybe it was the fact that suddenly all the nobles were trying to bring the kilt back, making it profoundly uncool for regular people. Whatever the reason, traditional Highland garb has gone the way of the codpiece.

The real impact of the Kilt Proscription was its influence on the way that leaders have come to view certain styles of dress as a symbol of rebellion. So, fast forward to the late 1700s, when monarchies were falling and democracy was blossoming. Sure enough, you find pants were right at the heart of it.

2 The French Revolution Revolutionizes Your Pants

At no time in history did pants embody the struggle for power more than during the French Revolution. Basically, the French Revolution is the main reason your pants go down to your feet.

If you've had to study the French Revolution, you know that it was actually more like several revolutions rolled into one, with leaders coming and going so fast that it was hard to keep track of all the heads rolling. But throughout the Revolution, it was the Sans-culottes who did most of the dirty work. The Sans-culottes were a group of working class militants who came to symbolize the revolutionary spirit in France ... and their name literally translates to "without breeches."

This does not mean they fought in the nude. The name was actually a roundabout, somewhat misleading way of saying that the revolutionaries wore long pants, as opposed to the knee-length ones worn by the Royalists.

Soon, the Sans-culottes became a symbol of freedom and patriotism -- as did their trousers. After the Revolution, long pants were worn by men of all social strata as a sign of compliance with the new government. The art world started reflecting their popularity, painting the Sans-culottes as ordinary men willing to risk their lives for liberty.

The artwork depicting heroic soldiers in long pants influenced the kinds of idealized political posters and advertisements we see today. The image of the Sans-culottes has become so ingrained in the modern consciousness that trousers that go down to your shoes are still the only acceptable way for men to wear them. The Sans-culottes effectively erased the manliness of the knee-length breeches (baseball players notwithstanding).

Sans-Culottes established fashion (and more specifically, pants) as a legitimate form of patriotism. So the next time you see a guy wearing a pair of American flag pants, let him know that he has the French to thank for them.

1 Women Start Getting More Power, Also Pants

By the 20th century, pants were firmly established as a symbol of power. If you think that's bullshit, consider some of the phrases we use every day: "Keeping your pants on" means being in control of yourself. "Wearing the pants in a relationship" means being the boss.

But, throughout all of these upheavals in the name of trousers, there was one group that was still unable to access them: women. One hundred years ago, it was still extremely unusual for a woman to wear pants. Or vote, or go to college, or get paid as much as a man (we're still working on that one). For centuries, a woman's powerlessness was signified by the clothes she wore. In 1919, women had finally won the right to vote in the U.S. ... but it was still completely taboo for them to wear trousers.

By the 1930s, starlets like Katherine Hepburn and Marlene Dietrich openly wore pants for comfort and style, but this wasn't really an option for most women. It was the 1930s equivalent of Lady Gaga wearing a meat dress or something. Except crazier. Outside of a few brave souls, women continued to stay away from pants. The taboo was strong enough that nothing short of a worldwide war would change it.

Fortunately, it was the 1930s.

World War II changed everything. When women entered the workforce, they did so in their husband's pants. Pants were once again seen as a symbol of patriotism, this time in the form of sacrificing silk dresses so the men could have parachutes. When the war was over most women went back to wearing dresses, but trousers became increasingly associated with working women and the Feminist Movement.

It wasn't until the 1970s that pants became a fully accepted choice for women. One major factor was Title IX, which prohibited educational institutions from discriminating on the basis of sex, meaning that colleges could no longer kick women out for wearing pants.

In the same year (1972), Helen Reddy recorded the song "I Am Woman, Hear Me Roar," which became a rallying cry for second wave feminists. Reddy became an icon and regularly stood toe-to-toe with the men in an ultra-hip pair of trousers. She was so devoted to pants that she even changed history by appearing as a woman sporting bell bottoms in 19th century Maine in Disney's Peter Dragon.

But despite the ridiculousness of the image, these trousers signified that Reddy's character was a tough, independent woman. The same was happening all over the world. Pants had come full circle as a power symbol that once gave men a convenient way to exaggerate the size of their dicks.

Seriously, pants should have their own holiday. Or at least some kind of monument or something.

For more unusual world-changers, check out 6 Mistranslations That Changed The World and 5 Horrible Diseases That Changed The World (For the Better).